Mechanical movement



(No Model.)

J. A. HAWTHORN. MECHANICAL MOVEMENT.

PggtentedA AN DREW 5.6RAHAM. PHOTO-LITHOYWASHIN GTUN D C ,Nirnn STATES PATENT ()FFICE.

JOHN A. IlAlVTHORN, OF LANCASTER, PENNSYLVANIA.

MECHANICAL MOVEMENT.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 558,386, dated April 14, 1896.

Application filed July 11, 1 8 9 4.

To all whom it may concern- Be it known that I, JOHN A. HAWTHORN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Lancaster, in the count-y of Lancaster and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new 'and useful Improvements in a Mechanical Movement; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to improvements in a mechanical movement in which a lazy-tongs rack is so pivoted and operated from one end with a reciprocating motion as to cause the other end to move back and forth a much greater distance.

The object of the invention is to provide a mechanical device whereby a continuous ro tary movement applied at a given point causes a short reciprocating action to give to another point a reciprocating motion throughout a much greater extent.

It may here be observed that the mechanical movement here referred to is particularly adapted to the operating of drop-hammers used in forging or blacksmith work, rockdrills, (especially such as are used in drilling deep wells,) and all such other devices whereby a great reciprocating action is required to do the Work and Where only a limited space is had in which to exert the recipe rocating motion which imparts the action.

The elements of the invention, as well as the functions they perform, will fully appear in the following description and will be separately set forth in the claims.

The purposes of the invention are attained by the mechanism and devices illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which similar letters of reference designate like parts throughout the several views, and in which Figure 1 is a sectional elevation, viewed from the right, of the portion to the left of the line a; 03 in Fig. 2 of the upper portion of a drop-hammer framework, showing the elements of the invention in the position about to lift the hammer giving to it its greatest drop; Fig. 2, a view from the left of Fig. 1 completed, but the left-hand side of the framework with the attached mechanism removed and the lower portion of the near cross-head Serial No. 517,190. (No model.)

guide, as well as the near side of the crosshead, cut away; Fig. 3, a right-hand face View of said removed side, showing the mechanism in full and dotted lines in place with the plunger-shaft guide and grip-bar in central vertical section and the lazy-ton gs pivotjoint cut away; Fig. 4, a top View of Fig. 1; and Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 are views showing details in the construction, Figs. 6, '7, and 8 being enlarged views.

The mechanical movement which is the subject of the present application for Letters Patent being applicable to theoperation of machines for different purposes, as before stated, is here illustrated in connection with the mechanism used in operating a drophammer; but the anvil and lower portion of the framework are omitted in the drawings, and they may be of any approved form suitable to the purpose.

In the drawings, A and A designate the sides of any suitable framework adapted to support the required mechanism in operating position, and to this end the sides are provided with anyapproved base or feet to stand upon; but as these are not necessary to illustrate the working of the invention they are omitted in the drawings, as is also the anvil and its supporting-base.

To the top of the sides is secured by bolts and nuts to a cross-piece A, provided with a forwardly projecting shelf a and a rear wardly-projecting arm (L to the rear end of which is pivoted the lazy-tongs rack, yet to be described, while the shelf is adapted to support a clamp or grip-bar A At the middle point of the shelf is avertical orifice a which is upwardly extended into a semicircular recess in the body of the cross-piece A, as also in that of the grip-bar A This bar is provided with end pivot-pins and nuts (1 while headed guide-pins A passing through the bar, are secured into the cross-piece, serving to keep said bar confined to said shelf.

In the rearward extension of the sides are brackets a to the upper faces of which bolts and nuts ar secure thereto the base of a pedestal or standard A having in its upper end a shaft-bearing a This base is thus adapted to hold the framework together at this point,

while the pedestal is adapted to support the driving mechanism yet to be described.

ICO

'oblon g orifice d B and B designate two cross-head guides, vertically placed and secured by screws or bolts and nuts I), through forwardly-projecting ears or lugs b, to the inner faces of the sides A A of the framework, Figs. 2 and 3, and their inner edges b and Z1 are parallel to each other and V-shaped, at a prescribed distance apart, from the upper ends to about the lazy-tongs pivot-point, thence at a greater gage to their lower ends, Fig. 1. Movable freely up and down on the upper or narrower gage of these guides is a cross-head C, having journaled through the center of its body 0 the forwardly-projecting pivot-pin 0, held in place by a nut of a pitman or connectingred 0, having its lower end journaled onto a crank-pin c, secured, at a prescribed radial distance, into the face of a crank wheel or disk C rigidly secured at its center to the forward end of a shaft 0, journale'd in and through the bearing of to the standard A both before mentioned, while its rear end is rigidly secured to the hub of a crank-Wheel C, provided with a crank-handle c for turnin g. When so desired, this handle and wheel may be omitted, and a pulley may be secured to the shaft instead, when a belt may be used to give motion to the device, a construction deemed sufficiently evident without separate illustration.

On the lower or wider gage of the guides and movable freely up and down thereon is a similar but larger cross-head D, having at the center of its body (Z a rearwardly-projecting arm D, provided through its length with an angular or square orifice d, and an upwardlyprojecting plate D provided with an angular Movable freely back and forth in the orifice d is the body or shaft of a lift-bolt D having a downwardly and rearwardly sloping under edge (1 forming a hook d" to butt against the front face of the crosshead, and to its rear end is rigidly secured, as by riveting, at d the body of a cross-bar 1), whose extremities (1 are adapted to ride on the guide-strips, yet to be described, to

draw or hold said lift-bolt back within said cross-head arm.

E designates a bolt whose shaft or body is provided with a fixed collar e, having a rearwardly-finished circular shoulder e, as well as a forwardly-finished rectangular one 6 From the shoulder e is a forwardly-projecting angularportion e terminating in a screwthreaded end portion 6', leaving a flat shoulder against said angular portion, and from the any suitable elastic substance, fills the rest of the orifice (15 above said angular portion, Figs. 2 and 6, to form an elastic cushion at this point, relieving it of sudden jerks and strains, and a washer E is placed against the forward end of said angular portion to hold the packing, while a nut E firmly screwed home onto the threaded end 6*, serves to secure the bolt in place, Figs. 2 and 4, and its rear end is adapted to pivoting to the lower end of the lazy-tongs rack and to hold the liftbolt spring in place.

The lazy-to ngs rack F, Figs. 1, 2, and 4, comprises a number of bars F, F F F and F arranged in pairs, Fig. 4, having their extremities, pair to pair, pivot-jointed, as by rivet-pins f. The pairs F F and F are disposed in crosses, the latter two, F and F, being centrally pivot-jointed by rivet-pinsf and f, and the former pair, F outside of the center, is pivoted to the rear end of the arm a by its pivot-pin A and held in place thereon by a nut A, screwed home, but washers A having first been placed against their back and front on said pin. The upper pair of bars F are upwardly converging, having their upper ends pivoted by the connecting-rod pivot-pin c to the upper cross-head, and the lower pair F being downwardly converging, have their lower ends pivoted onto the portion 6 of the bolt E to the lower cross-head.

It may here be observed that the lazy-ton bars above the framework pivot-point are slightly longer between their pivot-centers. This construction increases the leverage above and enables the lazy-tongs rack below the framework pivot-point to lift the lower cross-head with proportionately greater ease.

The lower end of the lazytongs rack having been pivoted onto the bolt E, as shown, a washer E" is then placed onto the angular portion 6, so as to rest against the cylindrical portion 6', when one arm of a U -shaped spring is placed thereon; then a washer E and a nut E screwed home on the threaded end e serves to secure said spring rigidly in place on said bolt without pressing or binding against the lazy-tongs pivot-joint. The spring is bifurcated at its rearward or free end and pressing against the rearward face of the cross-bar D is adapted to keep the lift-bolt D pressed forward in the cross-head or in position to perform its f unetions.

G designates a rack-bar provided centrally in one edge with gear-teeth g and toward each end through its body with the slots g and g, through which pins G and plates g riveted thereon, serve to secure said bar to the inner face of the left-hand side A of the framework. Gr designates a pinion provided with teeth 9, engaging the teeth g of the rack, and it is secured to the inner end of a shaft G, journaled through the side A to the outside,where its outer end is provided with a hand-wheel G and a crank-handle 9 whereby said rackbar may be raised or lowered at pleasure. To the inner face of the rack-bar, by means of bolts and nut g is secured a guide bar or plate G having two straight edges 9 and g in two different vertical planes, the upper one being rearmost. These two edges, beingjoined by an upwardly and rearwardly sloping inclined plane 9 are adapted to have the extremities d of the cross-bar D to ride against, allowing the lift-bolt D to perform its functions, the upper one to drop and the lower one to raise the plunger, yet to be described.

II designates a shaft extending across the body of the framework, journaled through its sides to the outside on both sides thereof, where its extremities are made angular and have secured thereto, to the one, an outwardlycurving hand-lever H, and to the other a straight lever 11*, each being secured in place bya nut h. Both are provided with similar upper extensions h and W, to the extremities of which are pivoted the rear ends of connecting-links H and H by pivot-pins and nuts 7L3 and their forward ends pivoted to the extremities of the grip-bar A by means of the pivot-pins and nuts a, before mentioned. The straight lever H extends clownward and rearward a prescribed distance, where to its lower end is pivoted the forward end of a link H by a pin and nut 71- the rearward end of said link being pivoted to the upper end of a crank-arm H by a pin and nut 7L5, said crank-arm having its lower end rigidly secured to the outer end of a shaft journaled through the adjacent side A of the framework to the inside thereof, where its inner extremity is integrally secured to the inner end of a lever-arm H h deSignatinga similar lever-arm, and to the outer ends of both of these lever-arms is pivoted a guide or parallel bar H by pins or rivets k Against the outer or rearward edge of this bar the extremities d of the cross-bar D may ride, and when the bar occupies the position indicated by the dotted lines in Fig. 2 the crossbarD will hold the lift-bolt D back and keep it from performing its functions-i. 6., to raise the plunger before mentioned.

I and I designate two plunger guide-strips provided with horizontally oblong orifices c' from front to rear through their bodies, through which bolts 1 and nuts 4." ad justably secure said strips to the front vertical edges of the sides A and A of the framework, and set-screws 1 passed through forwardly-projecting side lugs, serve to keep said strips pressed toward each other in place, while in their adjacent vertical edges are formed V- shaped grooves '6 in which corresponding ribs 7?, projecting from the opposite sides of a plunger-block 1 engage to guide said block in moving upward and downward in its course. Down wardly sloping and projecting rearward from the back face of this block is a nose or lip 2' to be engaged by the forward end of the lift-bolt D whereby said block is lifted, and, on being released, allowed to drop the desired distance to perform its functions, and from its upper face is an upwardly-projectupwardly-projecting lugs or ears (1 between which is pivoted by a pin 0 the rear end of a drop-latch D having a downwardly-project ing lip or hook d on the under side near its free end adapted to fall behind the cross-bar D, Fig. 5, which it will always do when said bar is lifted to the dotted position d, Fig. 3, where it will be held until released by the finger a projected forward from the standard A, Fig. 2, which it will always engage when the cross-head D reaches its lowest point. This provision is necessary to prevent the nose 1' of the plunger-block from striking onto the forward end of the lift-bolt D should said plunger be dropped from any suspended position, the device being in motion. Of course a spring may be placed'to act on the latch to press it down should its own weight prove tobe insufficient; but the application of the spring is not illustrated.

Now the several parts hereinbefore described occupy the respective positions indicated in the drawingsviz., the hammer I down or in the position of having completed a stroke; the grip-bar A in the forward position, allowing the hammer-shaft 2' to move freely up and down through the orifice a the lazy-tongs rack on the pivot-pin A fully extended, bringing the cross-head C to the highest point and the cross-head D to the lowest, with the lift-bolt D in the position to lift the hammer by engaging its nose-hook 2', the parallel bar H being in its forward position to permit said engagement and the cam-bar G in its highest position to give to the hammer its greatest drop or fall, allowing it to strike its heaviest blow. When the parts are in these positions, it will be seen that the teeth of the pinion G2 engage the lower teeth of the rack-bar G and that the grip-lever H is elevated or raised. It will also be noticed that as the hand-wheel C is rotated the cross-head Owill be reciprocated between the position it now occupies andthe pivot-pin A to the extent of twice the distance between the center of the shaft C and that of the crank-pin o and that the crosshead D will be lifted by the lower end of the lazy-tongs rack, lifting the hammer and carrying the bar D with it with its extremities d, one riding on the bar H and the other on the cam-bar G when, on reaching the dotted position d in Fig. 3, the lift-bolt D will be drawn from the nose-hook '5 allowing the hammer to drop, and at this point the notchhook d of the drop-latch D falls behind the bar D holding it back in the position indicated in Fig. 5 till released again by the latch D in coming in contact with the finger a Fig. 2. This feature is necessary to prevent nose-hook '2? of the hammer from contacting with the lift-bolt D while said hammer is dropping. It will also be seen that when it is desired to give to the hammer a lower drop or when a lighter blow is required the cam-bar G may be lowered by rotating the hand-wheel G so that the pinion G will draw the rack-bar G down and that by means of this rack and pinion and hand-wheel the blow of the hammer may be regulated at pleasure. It will also be observed that when it is desired to arrest the hammer at any point of its fall, or when no blow is required, as when the work on the anvil has to be changed or manipulated for certain results, or according to nature of the work required, the lever H is pressed suddenly down, bringing the gripbar A into quick contact with the hammershaft holding it in any position, or where required, likewise bringing the bar H into the dotted position indicated in Fig. 2, and while in this position the bar D in riding against said bar 11 will hold the lift-bolt D in the position indicated in Fig. 5, preventing contact of the latter with the nose-hook i" of the hammer till its shaft shall be again released, which will result only when the lever H is raised.

Having now described the invention and set forth the manner in which it performs its functions, what I do consider new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The combination in a mechanical movement with the framework having the sides A, the cross-piece, A, with the rearwardly-projected arm, (5 and the pivot-pin A at the rear end thereof, secured to the top of said sides; the 0ppositelydisposed guides, B, secured to the inner faces thereof; the upper cross'head, C, and the lower cross-head, D, mounted on said guides; of the lazy-tongs rack, as described, pivotally mounted on said pivot-pin, A having the lower end thereof pivoted to the cross-head, D, and the upper end to the cross-head, G with the mechanism provided to reciprocate the said upper crosshead, whereby the lazy-tongs rack will reciprocate the said lower cross-head over a much greater distance, substantially as described and for the purpose hereinbefore set forth.

2. The combination in a mechanical movement having a lazy-tongsrack pivot-point at the top of the framework, as shown; oppositely-disposed cross-head guides supported by the sides of said framework; an upper, and a lower, cross-head mounted on said guides; a lazy tongs rack, as described, mounted on the said pivotpoint, having one end pivoted to the said upper cross-head; with mechanism provided to reciprocate said crosshead; and the other end pivoted to the said lower crosshead; with the lower cross-head, D, having the rearward extension, D, with the angular orifice, cl, through the body thereof; of the lift D having its shaft, movable back and forth, in said orifice, the upwardly and forwardly sloping face, d", and the down wardlyprojecting lip, d", at the forward end thereof; the cross-bar, D", with the guide-rid ing extremities, d, secured to the rear end of said shaft; and means provided such as the spring, E to keep said bolt pressed forward; all substantially as described and for the purpose set forth.

3. In a mechanical movement, the combination with the lower cross-head, D, supporting the lift-bolt, D and the cross-bar, D", socured to the rear end of said bolt; having the upwardly-projected plate, D and the angular orifice, (1 through the body of said plate; of the bolt, E, having the angular portion, 6 in said orifice, (Z the shoulder, e against the rearward face of said plate, D the elastic packing, E, above said angular portion, 0 to fill said orifice, (1 the washer, E against said angular portion, 6 and the nut, E on the threaded portion, 6 screwed home onto the back of said washer, E the lazy-tongs bars, F on the cylindrical portion, (Z the washer, E the spring, E and the washer, E", on the angular portion, o and the nut, E on the threaded end, 6 screwed home onto said washer, with the bifurcated end of the spring pressing against the back of said crossbar, D all substantially as described and for the purpose set forth.

4:. In a mechanical movement, in combination, the sides, A A; the cross-piece A, having the shelf, a, with the orifice, a; the grip-bar, A with the end pivot-pins and nuts, (0; the shaft, H, journaled through said sides; the hand-lever II having the upper extension, h, and the lever, 11 having the upper extension, 7L2, the links, H H, by means of said pivotpins and nuts, a", connecting the said extensions, h and 7L2, with the said grip-bar, A all substantially as described and for the purpose set forth.

5. In a mechanical movement, in combination, the sides, A A, of the framework, the shaft, H, journaled through said sides; the handlever,' H, and the connecting-lever, 11 the outside lever-arm, I1 and the insideleverarm, H both rigidly secured to the same shaft journaled through the intermediate side, A; the link, 11, connecting the free end of said lever, I1 and the free end of the said lever-arm, H; the parallel lever-arm, h, pivoted above the inside lever-arm, I1; and the parallel guide-bar,l'l ,pivoted to the free ends of the said lever-arms, II and 71."; all substantially as described and for the purpose set forth.

6. In a mechanical movement, in combination, the rack-bar, G, having the gear-teeth, g, and the vertical slots, 9' and g; the guidepins, G and G, secured into a side, A, and passed through the said slots, and the plates, g and g riveted onto said pins, movably secured to the said side; the pinion, G having the gear-teeth, g intermesh with the said teeth, g; the shaft, G journaled through the adjacent side, A, of the framework, and having the inner end rigidly secured into the center of saidpinion; the hand-wheel, G rigidly secured to the outer end of said shaft, and the handle, 9 secured into the rim of said wheel; and the cam-shaped guide-plate, G having the offset straight edges 9 and g, and the incline plane, 9 joining said straight edges, rigidly secured .to the said rack-bar, all substantially as described and for the purpose set forth.

7. The combination in a mechanical movement, with the cross-head, D, having the rearWardly-projecting arm, D, the shaft of the backwardly and forwardly movable liftbolt, D within said arm; the cross-bar, D having an extremity, d, moving up and down on the cam-shaped guide, G secured to the rear end of the shaft; the spring, E to keep said bolt pressed forward within said arm;

and the upwardly-projected ears, d, at the rear end thereof of the latch-lever, D having its forward end pivoted between said ears, and its rearward end projected beyond said cross-bar and adapted to ride thereon; the stop-hook, d projected from the under edge of saidlatch to drop behind said bar, and hold said bolt; and the forwardly-projected finger, a", to lift said latch and release said bolt, with mechanism provided to reciprocate said cross-head, all substantially as described and for the purpose hereinbefore set forth.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JOHN A. HAWTHORN. lVitnesses DANL. H. HERE, PAUL A. HERE. 

